La produzione mondiale stimata nel 2016 dai 255 ai 264 Mio/hl risulta essere una delle più basse degli ultimi venti anni a causa di fattori climatici, in Europa si attesta sui 158 Mio/hl. L’Italia si conferma il maggior produttore mondiale (48,8 Mio/hl) seguita da Francia (41,9 Mio/hl) e Spagna (37,8 Mio/hl).
La globalizzazione del mercato, con l’entrata di nuovi attori, ha visto aumentare i volumi totali, nel 2000 si intermediavano 60,3 Mio/hl, nel 2015 sono arrivati a 104 Mio/hl. Dall’esame delle statistiche sui flussi di esportazioni (dati 2015) si riscontra che tre Paesi (Spagna, Italia, Francia) rappresentano il 56% del volume totale dell’export mondiale (28 miliardi di euro) e in valore, l’Italia con il 19% e la Francia con il 29% continuano a dominare il mercato.
I principali Paesi europei di tradizione enologica, nel 2015, hanno aumentato la percentuale del valore del vino intermediato (+5% sul 2014), pur in presenza di volumi invariati. Nel 2015, il settore agroalimentare è stato uno dei pochi settori del Made in Italy che ha aumentato la penetrazione sui mercati esteri e il vino ha raggiunto i 5,4 miliardi di euro con un aumento del 575% rispetto a 30 anni fa (800 milioni di euro) (Coldiretti – www.giovanimpresa.coldiretti.i – 9/3/2016). Dati positivi che dovranno, però, essere confermati nel prossimo futuro considerate le nubi del protezionismo che si addensano sul commercio internazionale. Per avere un quadro completo è opportuno fare un confronto tra i volumi dell’export con i prezzi medi di vendita.
Valutare i volumi di esportazione è solo con l’indice “volumetrico”, se non in casi particolari, non è indicativo, molto più importante è considerare la capacità di creare valore. Cercare quindi sbocchi commerciali confrontandosi con i competitor sui mercati esteri è molto importante per sviluppare la propensione a innovare per “fare qualità”. Di conseguenza, per completare il quadro, raffrontare i volumi di vino esportati con i prezzi medi è utile per comprendere le capacità del “sistema paese” di creare plusvalore ossia comprendere quanto il consumatore è disposto a pagarlo. L’Italia, secondo Paese dopo la Spagna per volumi intermediati, si attesta solo al quinto posto dopo Francia, Nuova Zelanda, Usa e Germania per il valore per litro dei vini esportati come si può riscontare dalla tabella (tab. 1). Analizzando il divario tra i prezzi di vendita dei vini esportati tra Italia (2,48 €/L) e Francia (5,35 €/L) si possono fare alcune riflessioni: gli Champagne spuntano 16,87 €/L, gli spumanti italiani 3,52 €/litro, meno pronunciata è la forbice (4,92 €/L contro 3,28 €/ L) nei vini fermi imbottigliati.
(fonti Wine Monitor – Nomisma, Universofood – OIV).
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